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} </style> <div id="user_body_ctl00_Pl_more"> <ul class="ul_table"> <li><strong><a href="pages.aspx?page=26">返回列表</a></strong></li> <li id="user_body_ctl00_li_prewnext" class="li_other1"><a class="" href="pages.aspx?id=34&page=26"> 上一篇： 母乳喂养指导</a><span><br /></span><a class="" href="pages.aspx?id=32&page=26"> 下一篇： 儿童保健新趋势</a><span><br /></span></li> <li id="user_body_ctl00_li_title" class="title14" style="text-align:center; width:100%; padding:5px 0px;"><span>儿童骨营养、骨健康</span></li> <li id="user_body_ctl00_li_more" class="li_more"><span><p style="text-indent:24.0pt;"><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">骨质疏松症已成为全球关注的公共卫生热点。骨质疏松症人群占中国总人口数的</span>7.01%<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。骨质疏松症被称为“具有老年期影响的儿科疾病”。孕妇的营养状况直接影响胎儿的骨状况，从而影响人一生的骨骼生长发育。</span><u><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: yellow; ">卫生部</span><span style="background-color: yellow; ">2011</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: yellow; ">年</span><span style="background-color: yellow; ">6</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: yellow; ">月印发的《防治骨质疏松知识要点》提到“人的各个年龄阶段都应当注重骨质疏松的预防，婴幼儿和年轻人的生活方式都与成年后骨质疏松的发生有密切联系。”</span></u></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">佝偻病和骨软化症是儿童时期最常见的骨骼疾病。维生素</span>D<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">、钙、磷供给不足都可以导致佝偻病，影响骨量、骨强度，甚至导致骨骼畸形。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: yellow; "><u>一些慢性疾病和药物也可导致儿童骨质疏松症，如少年特发性骨质疏松症、类风湿性关节炎、糖皮质激素、甲状腺激素诱导的骨质疏松症等。妊娠期和哺乳期妇女，因甲状旁腺增加，胎儿需求增加等，也可发生特发性骨质疏松症。</u></span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人体骨量从胎儿期、婴儿期到成年前一直在累积，此过程与人体的线性生长基本平行。胎儿期、婴儿期和青春期是人体骨骼生长发育最重要的时期。在儿童和青少年时期未达到合理骨量的个体，及时成年后无加速骨量流失的现象发生，仍有可能患有骨质疏松症。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-color: yellow; "><u>为强壮骨骼，预防骨质疏松症的发生，应该从胎儿期开始就设法创造理想的骨骼发育环境，定期的对妊娠期妇女、哺乳期妇女、婴幼儿、儿童、青少年进行骨状况评估，及时发现异常并进行早期干预</u></span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">，保证胎儿、儿童、青少年期足够的骨量累积，才能尽可能的减少骨折、骨质疏松症的发生。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0pt"><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">目前，人体骨状况评估的物理方法包括</span>X<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">光片法、双能</span>X<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">线吸收法（</span>DXA<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">）、定量超声法（</span>QUS<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">）等。考虑到孕妇及儿童特殊的生理期状况，</span>X<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">光片和</span>DXA<span style="font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">的应用受到限制，而定量超声法在这一领域显示了广泛的应用价值。骨强度随年龄、性别、人种、测量部位等存在巨大差异，因此在骨强度仪的选择上，应选择包含</span>0~6<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁儿童、甚至是早产新生儿模块的骨强度仪，以便于最早期的干预。测试部位也应选择包括骨质疏松经典诊断部位——桡骨、脊柱、髋骨或对药物食物敏感的胫骨。除物理方法外，临床上诊断上还应配合常见的骨代谢生化指标，包括碱性磷酸酶、骨碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、钙调激素等。此外，测量血液中的</span>1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub><span style="font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">水平可以反应人体维生素</span>D<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">的状况，应在临床上进行普及和应用。</span></p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt; "> 营养和运动对骨骼发育有重要影响。因此应根据骨状况评估结果，指导妊娠期、</span> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt; ">哺乳期妇女和儿童合理膳食、适当户外活动和日光照射，推广富含维生素</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; ">D</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt; ">和钙质的食品，适量补充维生素</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; ">D</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt; ">和钙。</span></span></li> <li id="user_body_ctl00_li_morepage" class="li_other2"><span> <strong>16 / 19</strong> 篇 <a href="pages.aspx?id=41&page=26" class=""> 首页 </a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=118&page=26" class="">6..</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=36&page=26" class="">13</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=35&page=26" class="">14</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=34&page=26" class="">15</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=33&page=26" class=""><strong class="">16</strong></a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=32&page=26" class="">17</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=7&page=26" class="">18</a> <a href="pages.aspx?id=6&page=26" class="">19</a> <a style="margin-left:6px;" href="pages.aspx?id=6&page=26" class=""> 末页 </a> </span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="div_link"> <img src="../images/links2.jpg" /> </div> <div class="div_foot" style="position:relative;">Copyright © 2011 上海毕迈电子科技有限公司 上海市杨浦区鞍山路5号1206室 200092<br /> Tel: 86-21-6272 8522 / 5375 2680(81) | Fax: 86-21-5375 2683 <a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn" target="_blank">沪ICP备13038053号-1</a> Powered by:<a href="http://www.kayait.cn" target="_blank">KayaIT</a><br /> <span class="tw_hui">本网站产品图片仅供参考，所销售产品以实物为准，产品的外观及技术规格修改权归生产商所有，无需提前通知即可修改</span> <div style="position:absolute; 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